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Two commonly passed around “health advices” makes little sense to me.
1. Take lots vitamins and supplements such as gelatin, shark cartilage as they can only do good and no harm.
2. Avoid eating nightshade vegetables as they are inflammatory and worsens arthritis.
I think my common sense says too much of anything can be harmful. I don’t agree with the notion that too much vitamins can’t hurt.
Only evidence I am aware of on vitamins and supplements is that other than 1000 units of Vitamin D per day; others are unnecessary.
I am of the opinion that vitamins can not and should not replace a healthy diets containing 400 Grams of a sufficiently diverse collection of non-starchy vegetables and fruits.
As for avoiding nightshades such as tomatoes, peppers and eggplants. This made no sense to me either.
I don’t know and I don’t believe messages that is “pushed” to me. There is usually some sort of hidden agenda: promotion of a vitamin, a supplement, a book, a website, etc..
I prefer to pull data from multiple sources. So I googled and came up with the following.
The four predominant flavonoids in most tomatoes cultivars are:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18318499/
phloretin, quercetin, kaempferol, chalconaringenin
Phloretin:
In an animal model, phloretin inhibited active transport of glucose into cells by SGLT1 and SGLT2, though the inhibition is weaker than by its glycoside phlorizin.[5] An important effect of this is the inhibition of glucose absorption by the small intestine[4] and the inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption.[3] Phloretin also inhibits a variety of urea transporters.[6][7] It induces urea loss and diuresis when coupled with high protein diets. Phloretin has been found to inhibit weight gain and improve metabolic homeostasis in mice fed with high-fat diet.[8]Phloretin inhibits aquaporin 9 (AQP9) on mouse hepatocytes.[9]
Quercetin:
Quercetin has been studied in basic researchand small clinical trials.[28][2][29][30] While quercetin supplements have been promoted for the treatment of cancer and various other diseases,[31] there is no evidence that quercetin (via supplements or in food) is useful to treat cancer[32] or any disease.[2][33] The US Food and Drug Administration has issued warning letters to several manufacturers advertising unauthorized health claims for treating diseases on their product labels.
Kaempferol:
Numerous preclinical studies have shown kaempferol and some glycosides of kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic, estrogenic/antiestrogenic, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antiallergic activities.[2]
Anti-cancer effects
Edit
In vitro studies along with some animal testinghas demonstrated the wide range of potential anti-cancer properties of kaempferol. It has been shown in malignant cancer cells to interrupt cell growth, limit angiogenesis, induce apoptosis, and to reduce their available energy and ability to metastasize. Kaempferol has also been shown to reduce MMP-3 protein activity inferring potential ability to reduce metastasis.[2]
Breast cancer
Edit
Estrogen receptors are important in both maintaining a normal mammary gland, and in the development of primary and secondary breast cancer. Kaempferol has been shown to interact with the estrogen receptor pathway and alter signaling in order to help slow growth. This compound exhibits ability to lower levels of Aromatase.[11] Kaempferol has also been found to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ activation [12] and up-regulation of p53.[2]
Ovarian cancer
Edit
Available evidence has shown that kaempferol can “inhibit VEGF production and suppress ovarian cancer cell metastasis in vitro”.[13]
Leukemia
Edit
Kaempferol has been shown to reduce growth in pro-myelocytic leukemia cells through altering the cell cycle.[14]
Bladder, prostate, and colorectal cancer
Edit
Various studies have shown that intake of kaempferol containing foods is not significantly associated with decreased bladder cancer, prostate cancer, or colorectal cancer risk.[2]
Gastric cancer
Edit
A case controlled study found that “consumption of kaempferol-containing foods was associated with a reduced gastric cancer risk”.[2]
Pancreatic cancer
Edit
An eight-year study found the consumption of three flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) correlated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer among current smokers, but not non-smokers or ex-smokers.[15]
Lung cancer
Edit
In A549 lung cancer cells, kaempferol up-regulated pro-apoptotic bax and bad genes, while it down-regulated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-xL expression. This resulted in an increase in apoptosis of the cancer cells.[4]
Diabetes
Edit
A correlation was found between increased levels of kaempferol in the diet and a reduced relative risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort study in 2005.[2] Additionally, 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-D-robinobioside was shown to have significant inhibitory activity of aldose reductase, which plays an important role in diabetic complications.[16]
Cardiovascular disorders
Edit
A cohort study in men showed that consumption of flavonoid containing food decreased the risk of mortality from coronary heart disease. Another cohort study showed that high intake of tea is inversely associated with myocardial infarction.[2] Kaempferol has also been shown to have a protective effect on the apoptosis induced by the ischemia/reperfusion of cardiac cells. Due to this, it has a promising pharmacological role in preventing cardiovascular disease.[17]
Anti-bacterial activity
Edit
In a four-week study, kaempferol and its glycosides decreased the number of Helicobacter pylori colonies in gerbils. It also has been shown to work synergistically with antibiotics.[2]
Anti-viral activity
Edit
Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit or decrease the activity of enzymes that partake in viral infection such as reverse transcriptase, viral proteases and neuraminidase.[2]
Antioxidant effects
Edit
Kaempferol has been shown to have an array of antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo. At low concentrations, its acts as a super-oxide scavenger, specifically against the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite species. At high concentrations it increases the activity or expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1. Kaempferol can prevent the oxidation of low-density lipid proteins indicating a potential protective role in atherosclerosis.[2]
Chalconaringenin:
“...naringenin chalcone showed the strongest inhibitory effect of the polyphenols of the tomato skin extract. These results indicate that a tomato skin extract could inhibit allergic reactions.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15322354/
Tomatoes are rich in lycopene, a carotenoid.
A 2017 review concluded that tomato products and lycopene supplementation had small positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated blood lipids and blood pressure.[29] A 2010 review concluded that research has been insufficient to establish whether lycopene consumption affects human health.[30] Lycopene has been studied in basicand clinical research for its potential effects on cardiovascular diseases and prostate cancer,[31][32][33] although results through 2017 have not changed the prevailing FDA view that evidence of benefit remains inconclusive.[28]
1. Take lots vitamins and supplements such as gelatin, shark cartilage as they can only do good and no harm.
2. Avoid eating nightshade vegetables as they are inflammatory and worsens arthritis.
I think my common sense says too much of anything can be harmful. I don’t agree with the notion that too much vitamins can’t hurt.
Only evidence I am aware of on vitamins and supplements is that other than 1000 units of Vitamin D per day; others are unnecessary.
I am of the opinion that vitamins can not and should not replace a healthy diets containing 400 Grams of a sufficiently diverse collection of non-starchy vegetables and fruits.
As for avoiding nightshades such as tomatoes, peppers and eggplants. This made no sense to me either.
I don’t know and I don’t believe messages that is “pushed” to me. There is usually some sort of hidden agenda: promotion of a vitamin, a supplement, a book, a website, etc..
I prefer to pull data from multiple sources. So I googled and came up with the following.
The four predominant flavonoids in most tomatoes cultivars are:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/18318499/
phloretin, quercetin, kaempferol, chalconaringenin
Phloretin:
In an animal model, phloretin inhibited active transport of glucose into cells by SGLT1 and SGLT2, though the inhibition is weaker than by its glycoside phlorizin.[5] An important effect of this is the inhibition of glucose absorption by the small intestine[4] and the inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption.[3] Phloretin also inhibits a variety of urea transporters.[6][7] It induces urea loss and diuresis when coupled with high protein diets. Phloretin has been found to inhibit weight gain and improve metabolic homeostasis in mice fed with high-fat diet.[8]Phloretin inhibits aquaporin 9 (AQP9) on mouse hepatocytes.[9]
Quercetin:
Quercetin has been studied in basic researchand small clinical trials.[28][2][29][30] While quercetin supplements have been promoted for the treatment of cancer and various other diseases,[31] there is no evidence that quercetin (via supplements or in food) is useful to treat cancer[32] or any disease.[2][33] The US Food and Drug Administration has issued warning letters to several manufacturers advertising unauthorized health claims for treating diseases on their product labels.
Kaempferol:
Numerous preclinical studies have shown kaempferol and some glycosides of kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antiosteoporotic, estrogenic/antiestrogenic, anxiolytic, analgesic, and antiallergic activities.[2]
Anti-cancer effects
Edit
In vitro studies along with some animal testinghas demonstrated the wide range of potential anti-cancer properties of kaempferol. It has been shown in malignant cancer cells to interrupt cell growth, limit angiogenesis, induce apoptosis, and to reduce their available energy and ability to metastasize. Kaempferol has also been shown to reduce MMP-3 protein activity inferring potential ability to reduce metastasis.[2]
Breast cancer
Edit
Estrogen receptors are important in both maintaining a normal mammary gland, and in the development of primary and secondary breast cancer. Kaempferol has been shown to interact with the estrogen receptor pathway and alter signaling in order to help slow growth. This compound exhibits ability to lower levels of Aromatase.[11] Kaempferol has also been found to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ activation [12] and up-regulation of p53.[2]
Ovarian cancer
Edit
Available evidence has shown that kaempferol can “inhibit VEGF production and suppress ovarian cancer cell metastasis in vitro”.[13]
Leukemia
Edit
Kaempferol has been shown to reduce growth in pro-myelocytic leukemia cells through altering the cell cycle.[14]
Bladder, prostate, and colorectal cancer
Edit
Various studies have shown that intake of kaempferol containing foods is not significantly associated with decreased bladder cancer, prostate cancer, or colorectal cancer risk.[2]
Gastric cancer
Edit
A case controlled study found that “consumption of kaempferol-containing foods was associated with a reduced gastric cancer risk”.[2]
Pancreatic cancer
Edit
An eight-year study found the consumption of three flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin) correlated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer among current smokers, but not non-smokers or ex-smokers.[15]
Lung cancer
Edit
In A549 lung cancer cells, kaempferol up-regulated pro-apoptotic bax and bad genes, while it down-regulated anti-apoptotic bcl-2 and bcl-xL expression. This resulted in an increase in apoptosis of the cancer cells.[4]
Diabetes
Edit
A correlation was found between increased levels of kaempferol in the diet and a reduced relative risk of type 2 diabetes in a cohort study in 2005.[2] Additionally, 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-D-robinobioside was shown to have significant inhibitory activity of aldose reductase, which plays an important role in diabetic complications.[16]
Cardiovascular disorders
Edit
A cohort study in men showed that consumption of flavonoid containing food decreased the risk of mortality from coronary heart disease. Another cohort study showed that high intake of tea is inversely associated with myocardial infarction.[2] Kaempferol has also been shown to have a protective effect on the apoptosis induced by the ischemia/reperfusion of cardiac cells. Due to this, it has a promising pharmacological role in preventing cardiovascular disease.[17]
Anti-bacterial activity
Edit
In a four-week study, kaempferol and its glycosides decreased the number of Helicobacter pylori colonies in gerbils. It also has been shown to work synergistically with antibiotics.[2]
Anti-viral activity
Edit
Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit or decrease the activity of enzymes that partake in viral infection such as reverse transcriptase, viral proteases and neuraminidase.[2]
Antioxidant effects
Edit
Kaempferol has been shown to have an array of antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo. At low concentrations, its acts as a super-oxide scavenger, specifically against the highly reactive hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite species. At high concentrations it increases the activity or expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1. Kaempferol can prevent the oxidation of low-density lipid proteins indicating a potential protective role in atherosclerosis.[2]
Chalconaringenin:
“...naringenin chalcone showed the strongest inhibitory effect of the polyphenols of the tomato skin extract. These results indicate that a tomato skin extract could inhibit allergic reactions.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/15322354/
Tomatoes are rich in lycopene, a carotenoid.
A 2017 review concluded that tomato products and lycopene supplementation had small positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors, such as elevated blood lipids and blood pressure.[29] A 2010 review concluded that research has been insufficient to establish whether lycopene consumption affects human health.[30] Lycopene has been studied in basicand clinical research for its potential effects on cardiovascular diseases and prostate cancer,[31][32][33] although results through 2017 have not changed the prevailing FDA view that evidence of benefit remains inconclusive.[28]
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